Planting where frost is rare: zones 10 and 11

In USDA zones 10 and 11, and the mildest parts of 9b, a 32°F night comes in fewer than half of winters, so frost dates can’t time the garden. Heat and day length do: cool-season crops grow through the mild winter, and warm-season crops go in before the hottest months, in some places again in late summer.

These are the university extension services’ own planting calendars, region by region, with the months each crop goes in. The weather still decides the week: a hot spell in a fall window, or a rare frost in a winter one.

Add your ZIP code on any plant page for your own dates: where frost is rare, the page uses your region’s calendar and checks this week’s soil and air temperature.

Low desert

Phoenix, Yuma, Lake Havasu and the Coachella and Imperial valleys. Source: Vegetable Planting Calendar for Maricopa County (AZ1005), University of Arizona Cooperative Extension (2018).

Month by month

January

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Onion

February

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Corn, Cantaloupe, Watermelon, Basil, Lettuce, Spinach, Collard Greens, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Lettuce, Onion

March

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Green Bean, Corn, Cantaloupe, Watermelon, Okra, Basil, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Basil

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

April

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Green Bean, Corn, Cantaloupe, Okra, Basil, Carrot, Radish

Set out transplants: Basil

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

May

Sow seed outdoors: Cantaloupe, Okra, Basil

Set out transplants: Basil

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

June

Sow seed outdoors: Cantaloupe

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

July

Sow seed outdoors: Green Bean, Corn, Cantaloupe

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper

August

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Green Bean, Corn, Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Swiss Chard, Turnip

Set out transplants: Tomato

September

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Green Bean, Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

October

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Onion, Pea

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Garlic

November

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Onion, Pea

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

December

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Onion

Dates for each crop

Crop	Planting windows
Tomato	Transplants Feb 15–Mar 31; Transplants Jul 15–Aug 14
Pepper	Transplants Feb 15–Mar 31; Transplants Jul 1–Jul 31
Eggplant	Transplants Mar 1–Mar 31
Zucchini	Seed Feb 15–Apr 14; Seed Aug 15–Sep 14
Cucumber	Seed Feb 15–Apr 30; Seed Aug 15–Sep 30
Green Bean	Seed Mar 15–Apr 30; Seed Jul 15–Sep 14
Corn	Seed Feb 15–Apr 14; Seed Jul 15–Aug 31
Cantaloupe	Seed Feb 15–Jul 31
Watermelon	Seed Feb 15–Mar 31
Okra	Seed Mar 15–May 31
Sweet Potato	Plant Mar 1–Jun 30
Basil	Seed Feb 15–May 31; Transplants Mar 1–May 31
Lettuce	Seed Aug 15–Feb 14; Transplants Sep 15–Feb 28
Spinach	Seed Sep 1–Feb 28
Kale	Seed Aug 15–Dec 31
Collard Greens	Seed Aug 15–Feb 28
Broccoli	Seed Aug 15–Jan 14; Transplants Sep 15–Jan 31
Cabbage	Seed Aug 15–Jan 14; Transplants Sep 15–Jan 31
Cauliflower	Seed Aug 15–Jan 14; Transplants Sep 1–Jan 31
Carrot	Seed Aug 1–Apr 30
Radish	Seed Sep 1–Apr 30
Beet	Seed Sep 15–Mar 14
Swiss Chard	Seed Aug 15–Jan 31
Turnip	Seed Aug 15–Feb 28
Onion	Seed Oct 1–Nov 30; Transplants Dec 1–Feb 14
Garlic	Plant Oct 1–Oct 31
Pea	Seed Sep 15–Feb 28
Potato	Seed Jan 1–Mar 14

Southern California coast and valleys

Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, Ventura, Santa Barbara and the Inland Empire. Source: Seed Planting Chart, UC Master Gardener Program of Orange County (2016); Vegetable Garden Planting Guide for San Diego County (coastal column), UC Master Gardener Program of San Diego County (2026); Southern California Vegetable Planting Schedule, UC Master Gardeners of Ventura County (2026); California Master Gardener Handbook, Table 14.2 (South Coast), UC Agriculture and Natural Resources (2002).

Month by month

Set out transplants: Tomato

April

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Green Bean, Corn, Cantaloupe, Watermelon, Okra, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

May

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Green Bean, Corn, Cantaloupe, Watermelon, Okra, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

June

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Green Bean, Corn, Cantaloupe, Watermelon, Okra, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

July

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Green Bean, Corn, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper

August

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Cucumber, Green Bean, Corn, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Potato

September

Sow seed outdoors: Green Bean, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Potato

Set out transplants: Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

October

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Parsley

Set out transplants: Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Onion

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Garlic

November

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Parsley

Set out transplants: Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Onion

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Garlic

December

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Parsley

Set out transplants: Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Onion

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Garlic

Dates for each crop

Crop	Planting windows
Tomato	Transplants Mar 1–Jul 31
Pepper	Transplants Apr 1–Jul 31
Eggplant	Transplants Apr 1–Jun 30
Zucchini	Seed Feb 1–Aug 31
Cucumber	Seed Apr 1–Aug 31
Green Bean	Seed Mar 1–Sep 30
Corn	Seed Apr 1–Aug 31
Cantaloupe	Seed Apr 1–Jun 30
Watermelon	Seed Apr 1–Jun 30
Okra	Seed Apr 1–Jun 30
Sweet Potato	Plant Apr 1–Jun 30
Lettuce	Seed Oct 1–Mar 31
Spinach	Seed Oct 1–Mar 31
Kale	Seed Oct 1–Mar 31
Collard Greens	Seed Oct 1–Mar 31
Broccoli	Seed Aug 1–Dec 31; Transplants Sep 1–Feb 28
Cabbage	Seed Aug 1–Dec 31; Transplants Sep 1–Feb 28
Cauliflower	Seed Aug 1–Dec 31; Transplants Sep 1–Feb 28
Carrot	Seed all year
Radish	Seed all year
Beet	Seed all year
Swiss Chard	Seed all year
Turnip	Seed Oct 1–Mar 31
Onion	Transplants Oct 1–Feb 28
Garlic	Plant Oct 1–Dec 31
Pea	Seed Oct 1–Mar 31
Potato	Seed Feb 1–Mar 31; Seed Aug 15–Sep 30
Parsley	Seed Oct 1–Mar 31

Northern and Central California coast

The Bay Area outside the fog belt, Santa Cruz, Monterey and the San Luis Obispo coast. Source: Planting Calendar: Sunny Areas of San Mateo County, UC Master Gardeners of San Mateo and San Francisco Counties (2023).

Month by month

January

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Carrot, Radish

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Cabbage, Onion

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Garlic

February

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Swiss Chard, Onion

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Garlic

March

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Cucumber, Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Swiss Chard, Onion

April

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Green Bean, Corn, Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Cucumber, Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Swiss Chard, Onion

May

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Green Bean, Corn, Lettuce, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Cucumber, Lettuce, Broccoli, Cabbage, Swiss Chard, Onion

June

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Green Bean, Corn, Lettuce, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Cucumber, Lettuce, Broccoli, Cabbage, Swiss Chard

July

Sow seed outdoors: Zucchini, Green Bean, Corn, Lettuce, Spinach, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Potato

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Swiss Chard

August

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Swiss Chard

September

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Onion, Pea

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Swiss Chard

October

Sow seed outdoors: Spinach, Radish, Turnip, Onion, Pea

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Collard Greens, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Swiss Chard, Onion

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Garlic

November

Sow seed outdoors: Radish, Onion, Pea

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Onion

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Garlic

December

Sow seed outdoors: Radish

Set out transplants: Lettuce

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Garlic

Dates for each crop

Crop	Planting windows
Tomato	Transplants Apr 1–Jun 14
Pepper	Transplants Apr 1–Jun 30
Eggplant	Transplants Apr 1–Jun 14
Zucchini	Seed Mar 15–Jul 31
Cucumber	Transplants Mar 15–Jun 30
Green Bean	Seed Apr 1–Jul 31
Corn	Seed Apr 15–Jul 31
Lettuce	Seed Jan 1–Sep 30; Transplants all year
Spinach	Seed Feb 1–Apr 14; Seed Jul 15–Oct 14
Kale	Transplants Feb 1–Apr 30; Transplants Aug 1–Sep 30
Collard Greens	Transplants Feb 1–Apr 14; Transplants Jul 1–Sep 14; Transplants Oct 1–Oct 14
Broccoli	Transplants Feb 15–Sep 30
Cabbage	Transplants Jan 1–Oct 31
Cauliflower	Transplants Feb 15–Mar 31; Transplants Aug 1–Oct 14
Carrot	Seed Jan 1–Jun 30; Seed Aug 1–Sep 30
Radish	Seed all year
Beet	Seed Feb 1–Jun 30; Seed Jul 15–Sep 30
Swiss Chard	Seed Feb 15–Sep 30; Transplants Feb 15–Oct 14
Turnip	Seed Feb 1–Oct 31
Onion	Transplants Jan 1–May 31; Seed Sep 1–Nov 30; Transplants Oct 1–Nov 30
Garlic	Plant Oct 15–Feb 28
Pea	Seed Feb 1–Mar 31; Seed Aug 1–Nov 14
Potato	Seed Feb 1–Aug 31

Central Florida

Florida between State Roads 40 and 70 (Orlando, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Melbourne). Source: Florida Vegetable Gardening Guide (VH021), Table 1, UF/IFAS Extension (2025).

Month by month

January

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Watermelon, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

February

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Watermelon, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Okra, Sweet Potato

March

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Swiss Chard

Set out transplants: Pepper, Zucchini, Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Watermelon

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Okra, Sweet Potato

April

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Swiss Chard

Set out transplants: Zucchini

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Okra, Sweet Potato

May

Sow seed outdoors: Swiss Chard

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Okra, Sweet Potato

June

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Okra, Sweet Potato

July

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Okra

August

Sow seed outdoors: Carrot

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Okra

September

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean

October

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip

Set out transplants: Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Onion

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Strawberry

November

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

December

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Dates for each crop

Crop	Planting windows
Tomato	Transplants Jan 1–Feb 28; Transplants Aug 1–Sep 30
Pepper	Transplants Jan 1–Mar 31; Transplants Aug 1–Sep 30
Eggplant	Transplants Jan 1–Feb 28; Transplants Aug 1–Sep 30
Zucchini	Transplants Jan 1–Apr 30; Transplants Aug 1–Sep 30
Cucumber	Transplants Jan 1–Mar 31; Transplants Sep 1–Sep 30
Green Bean	Plant Feb 1–Apr 30; Plant Aug 1–Sep 30
Corn	Seed Jan 1–Apr 30
Cantaloupe	Transplants Jan 1–Mar 31
Watermelon	Transplants Jan 1–Mar 31
Okra	Plant Feb 1–Aug 31
Sweet Potato	Plant Feb 1–Jun 30
Lettuce	Seed Sep 1–Feb 28
Spinach	Seed Sep 1–Mar 31
Kale	Transplants Sep 1–Feb 28
Collard Greens	Transplants Sep 1–Feb 28
Broccoli	Transplants Sep 1–Feb 28
Cabbage	Transplants Sep 1–Feb 28
Cauliflower	Transplants Sep 1–Feb 28
Carrot	Seed Aug 1–Mar 31
Radish	Seed Sep 1–Mar 31
Beet	Seed Sep 1–Feb 28
Swiss Chard	Seed Sep 1–May 31
Turnip	Seed Sep 1–Feb 28
Onion	Transplants Oct 1–Oct 31
Pea	Seed Nov 1–Feb 28
Potato	Seed Nov 1–Feb 28
Strawberry	Plant Sep 25–Oct 25

South Florida

Florida south of State Road 70 (Miami, Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, Fort Myers, Naples). Source: Florida Vegetable Gardening Guide (VH021), Table 1, UF/IFAS Extension (2025).

Month by month

January

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Watermelon, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Okra, Sweet Potato

February

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Swiss Chard, Pea

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Watermelon

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Okra, Sweet Potato

March

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Carrot, Radish, Swiss Chard

Set out transplants: Zucchini, Cantaloupe, Watermelon

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Okra, Sweet Potato

April

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Sweet Potato

May

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

June

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

July

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

August

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Okra, Sweet Potato

September

Sow seed outdoors: Lettuce, Carrot, Swiss Chard, Turnip

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Kale, Collard Greens, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Okra, Sweet Potato

October

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Onion

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Okra, Strawberry

November

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean

December

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Lettuce, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Swiss Chard, Turnip, Pea, Potato

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Watermelon, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Green Bean, Sweet Potato

Dates for each crop

Crop	Planting windows
Tomato	Transplants Aug 1–Feb 28
Pepper	Transplants Aug 1–Feb 28
Eggplant	Transplants Aug 1–Feb 28
Zucchini	Transplants Aug 1–Mar 31
Cucumber	Transplants Sep 1–Feb 28
Green Bean	Plant Sep 1–Apr 30
Corn	Seed Oct 1–Mar 31
Cantaloupe	Transplants Dec 1–Mar 31
Watermelon	Transplants Dec 1–Mar 31
Okra	Plant Jan 1–Mar 31; Plant Aug 1–Oct 31
Sweet Potato	Plant Dec 1–Sep 30
Lettuce	Seed Sep 1–Feb 28
Spinach	Seed Oct 1–Feb 28
Kale	Transplants Sep 1–Jan 31
Collard Greens	Transplants Sep 1–Jan 31
Broccoli	Transplants Oct 1–Jan 31
Cabbage	Transplants Sep 1–Jan 31
Cauliflower	Transplants Sep 1–Jan 31
Carrot	Seed Sep 1–Mar 31
Radish	Seed Oct 1–Mar 31
Beet	Seed Oct 1–Jan 31
Swiss Chard	Seed Sep 1–Mar 31
Turnip	Seed Sep 1–Jan 31
Onion	Transplants Oct 1–Oct 31
Pea	Seed Nov 1–Feb 28
Potato	Seed Oct 1–Jan 31
Strawberry	Plant Oct 1–Oct 31

Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas

Brownsville, Harlingen, McAllen, Weslaco and Edinburg. Source: Vegetable Crops of the Lower Rio Grande Valley (planting guide), Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Hidalgo County (2017).

Month by month

January

Sow seed outdoors: Spinach, Radish, Beet, Potato, Cilantro

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Swiss Chard, Parsley

February

Sow seed outdoors: Corn, Okra, Spinach, Radish, Beet, Cilantro

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Watermelon, Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Swiss Chard, Parsley

March

Sow seed outdoors: Green Bean, Corn, Okra

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Watermelon

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

April

Set out transplants: Zucchini, Cucumber

Plant cloves, sets, seed potatoes, slips or plants: Sweet Potato

May

Nothing on these crops’ calendar this month.

June

Set out transplants: Eggplant

July

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant

August

Sow seed outdoors: Green Bean, Corn

Set out transplants: Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Zucchini, Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Watermelon

September

Sow seed outdoors: Green Bean, Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Turnip, Pea, Cilantro

Set out transplants: Pepper, Cucumber, Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Swiss Chard, Parsley

October

Sow seed outdoors: Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Turnip, Onion, Cilantro

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Swiss Chard, Parsley

November

Sow seed outdoors: Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Turnip, Onion, Cilantro

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Swiss Chard, Parsley

December

Sow seed outdoors: Spinach, Carrot, Radish, Beet, Turnip, Potato, Cilantro

Set out transplants: Lettuce, Kale, Collard Greens, Broccoli, Cabbage, Swiss Chard, Parsley

Dates for each crop

Crop	Planting windows
Tomato	Transplants Feb 14–Mar 20; Transplants Jul 15–Aug 15
Pepper	Transplants Feb 14–Mar 20; Transplants Jul 15–Sep 15
Eggplant	Transplants Feb 14–Mar 20; Transplants Jun 15–Aug 15
Zucchini	Transplants Feb 14–Apr 15; Transplants Aug 1–Sep 1
Cucumber	Transplants Feb 14–Apr 15; Transplants Aug 15–Sep 15
Green Bean	Seed Mar 1–Mar 31; Seed Aug 10–Sep 15
Corn	Seed Feb 14–Mar 20; Seed Aug 1–Sep 1
Cantaloupe	Transplants Feb 25–Mar 20; Transplants Aug 1–Sep 1
Watermelon	Transplants Feb 14–Mar 20; Transplants Aug 1–Sep 1
Okra	Seed Feb 14–Mar 20
Sweet Potato	Plant Mar 15–Apr 15
Lettuce	Transplants Sep 15–Feb 14
Spinach	Seed Sep 1–Feb 14
Kale	Transplants Sep 1–Feb 14
Collard Greens	Transplants Sep 1–Feb 14
Broccoli	Transplants Sep 1–Dec 31
Cabbage	Transplants Sep 1–Dec 31
Cauliflower	Transplants Sep 1–Nov 30
Carrot	Seed Sep 15–Dec 31
Radish	Seed Sep 1–Feb 14
Beet	Seed Sep 1–Feb 14
Swiss Chard	Transplants Sep 1–Feb 14
Turnip	Seed Sep 15–Jan 1
Onion	Seed Oct 1–Dec 1
Pea	Seed Sep 1–Sep 30
Potato	Seed Dec 15–Jan 15
Cilantro	Seed Sep 1–Feb 14
Parsley	Transplants Sep 15–Feb 14

Frost is rare where a 32°F night comes in fewer than half of years (NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020). Calendars that give months run from the 1st to the last day of those months; acceptable or marginal months count. San Francisco and the San Mateo coast have their own, cooler fog-belt calendar from the same Master Gardeners. Around Houston and Galveston, in the Central Valley and in North Florida it freezes most winters, so those places have frost dates; their plant pages still follow the local extension calendar.

All zones · Frost dates by state